Alternative Names allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis
Definition Contact dermatitis is a patch of red, itchy, flaky skin. It occurs when someone has a reaction after coming into contact with something that sensitised or irritates his or her skin.
What is going on in the body? Contact dermatitis occurs when someone has been exposed to a substance that irritates the skin or causes an allergic reaction. People more likely to get contact dermatitis because of skin irritation are those with:
sensitive skin. The skin flares up within a few minutes after contact.
pre-existing dermatitis.
repeated occurrences over time.
What are the signs and symptoms of the condition? Some of the signs and symptoms of this condition include:
redness
itchy skin
cracking skin
blisters
spreading patch
oozing
What are the causes and risks of the condition? There are many substances that cause contact dermatitis. These can include:
repeated contact with substances, such as washing hands often
soaps
fabric softeners
perfumes
cosmetics
nickel
deodorants
plants, such as mango, grevillea
What can be done to prevent the condition? To prevent this condition:
wear gloves, long pants and long sleeves for protection
apply lotion to skin often
avoid the substance that is causing the irritation, if possible
How is the condition diagnosed? The condition is usually self-diagnosed. Repeated rashes that look like eczema are typical. This can, however, become a regular event. The person's doctor may suggest doing a patch test. This test applies different substances to the skin. It can be used to find out if the person is having an allergic reaction to the substance.
What are the long-term effects of the condition? Long term effects from contact dermatitis can include:
constant outbreaks, or a chronic condition
constant eczema
What are the risks to others? There are no risks to others as contact dermatitis is not contagious.
What are the treatments for the condition? There are a number of ways to treat contact dermatitis. These include:
applying over-the-counter or prescription corticosteroid creams, such as hydrocortisone, betamethasone or momentasone to inflamed skin as prescribed.
taking oral steroids such as prednisone, if prescribed. This is used in severe cases.
avoiding hot water.
not scratching the infected area to prevent spread.
applying regular moisturiser.
What are the side effects of the treatments? Some of the side effects of treatment include the:
skin getting thinner by using corticosteroid creams
side effects from taking oral corticosteroids
What happens after treatment for the condition? To avoid another event after treatment, remember to:
stay away from allergens and irritants, if possible
apply moisturiser often
How is the condition monitored? The person affected monitors contact dermatitis.
Author: Reviewer: HealthAnswers Australia Medical Review Panel Editor: Dr David Taylor, Chief Medical Officer HealthAnswers Australia Last Updated: 1/10/2001 Contributors Potential conflict of interest information for reviewers available on request
